Building Loyalty Amid Changing Trends: A Thematic Analysis of Digital Brand Engagement Strategies for Generation Z

https://doi.org/10.59971/ijhabs.v4i1.1418

Authors

  • Adeneye Olawale Adeleke Department of Economics, Faculty of Art & Social Sciences, Admiralty University of Nigeria, Nigeria
  • Wiwin Riski Windarsari Department of Management, Faculty of Economics, Universitas Negeri Makassar, Indonesia
  • Abdul Halid Latif Universitas Muhammadiyah Enrekang, Indonesia

Keywords:

Digital Brand Engagement, Generation Z, Participatory Loyalty, Social Media Marketing, Thematic Analysis

Abstract

This qualitative study examines how digital brand engagement strategies build loyalty among Generation Z amid rapidly changing digital trends. Using a document-based thematic analysis of literature published between 2020 and 2025, the study synthesizes findings on Gen Z media habits, brand interaction patterns, and the relational mechanisms linking engagement to loyalty. Six core themes emerge: authenticity and transparency, useful and entertaining content, community participation and co-creation, influencer and user-generated content credibility, personalization and immersive experience, and value alignment. The findings indicate that Gen Z does not become loyal through repeated exposure or short-term attention alone. Rather, loyalty emerges when engagement is converted through trust, satisfaction, commitment, self-brand connection, community identification, emotional attachment, and psychological ownership. The study proposes that Gen Z loyalty is best understood as participatory loyalty—expressed not only through repeat purchase but also through sharing, saving, commenting, advocating, and sustained affiliation with brand communities. The study contributes a synthesized framework explaining how brands move from attention-seeking tactics to loyalty-building digital relationships in creator-centric, platform-native ecosystems.

References

Abd Aziz, N., Othman, N. A., & Abdul Murad, S. M. B. (2023). The effects of social support and social media influencers' credibility on emotional brand attachment: The mediating roles of trust in multichannel. Social Sciences and Humanities Open, 8(1), 100727. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2023.100727

Akhmad, M. A., At, M. R., & Muhammad, S. (2024). Reconstructing Generation Z's digital identity: Self-presentation and impression management strategies in second account Instagram. Thammasat Review, 27(1), 1–25.

Ali, L., Ali, F., Abdalla, M. J., & Alotaibi, S. (2025). Beyond the hype: Evaluating the impact of generative AI on brand authenticity, image, and consumer behavior in the restaurant industry. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 122, 104318. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2025.104318

Ansari, A., & Riasi, A. (2020). Modelling the impact of activity in brand communities on loyalty. International Journal of Internet Marketing and Advertising, 14(3), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJIMA.2020.106042

Arif, H. M., & Windarsari, W. R. (2026). Between Algorithm and Adat: How Bugis-Makassar MSMEs Negotiate AI Marketing Through the Lens of Siri’ na Pacce. Economics and Business Journal (ECBIS), 4(3), 897–908. https://doi.org/10.47353/ecbis.v4i3.308

Azouri, M. (2025). Enterprising social media communities: How Instagram influencers shape Gen Z purchasing intentions in Middle-Eastern universities. Journal of Enterprising Communities. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEC-09-2025-0320

Batamirova, D., & Thrassou, A. (2025). The impact of Generation Z on the luxury market: Rethinking the status and values of luxury for the new generation of consumers. In Palgrave Studies in Cross-Disciplinary Business Research. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-96680-4_2

Bhutto, M. Y., Rūtelione, A., & Vienažindiene, M. (2024). Investigating EWOM and halal product knowledge on Gen Z's halal cosmetics purchase intentions in Pakistan. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 15(4), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-09-2023-0292

Bui, C. T., Ngo, T. T. A., Chau, H. K. L., & Tran, N. P. N. (2025). How perceived eWOM in visual form influences online purchase intention on social media: A research based on the SOR theory. PLOS ONE, 20(6), e0328093. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0328093

Cardoso, A., Pereira, M. S., & Faria, S. (2026). Driving sustainable consumption in the digital age: Perceived authenticity in brand activism, consumer trust, and behavioral intentions. Sustainability, 18(8), 3768. https://doi.org/10.3390/su18083768

Chamoli, A., Tariyal, A., & Rana, V. (2025). From green trust to green plates: How external stimuli shape Gen Z's local food purchases in organic tourism destinations. International Journal of Gastronomy and Food Science, 38, 101288. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijgfs.2025.101288

Changani, S., & Kumar, R. (2024). Social media marketing activities, brand community engagement and brand loyalty: Modelling the role of self-brand congruency with moderated mediation approach. Global Business Review. https://doi.org/10.1177/09721509241245558

Chavadi, C. A., Sirothiya, M., Menon, S. R., & M R, V. (2023). Modelling the effects of social media–based brand communities on brand trust, brand equity and consumer response. Vikalpa, 48(2), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1177/02560909231172010

Chen, X., Li, W., & Joo, D. (2021). Literary celebrity, tourists' self-destination connection, and brand engagement: Based on a marketing perspective of celebrity endorsement effects. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 48, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2021.06.013

Chen, X., Zhang, X.-E., Yin, J., & Lin, H. (2025). How does perceived value influence functional snack consumption intention? An empirical analysis based on generational differences. Foods, 14(22), 3879. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods14223879

Chitra, R., Mahendran, M., & Abraham, R. K. G. (2025). AI-driven personalization: Shaping the future of Gen Z's e-commerce decisions. Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-5784-1_23

Debnath, R. (2025). Digital branding with social media instruments. In Brand Creation and Management in the Phygital Era. https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3373-0948-4.ch010

del Olmo-Arriaga, J. L., Pretel-Jiménez, M., & Ruíz-Viñals, C. (2025). From fast fashion to shared sustainability: The role of digital communication and policy in Generation Z's consumption habits. Sustainability, 17(18), 8382. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17188382

Díaz-Martín, A. M., Schmitz, A., & Yagüe Guillén, M. J. (2020). Are health e-mavens the new patient influencers? Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 779. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00779

Dipoatmodjo, T. S. P., Burhanuddin, & Arif, H. M. (2026). Employee Adaptation To Artificial Intelligence In The Workplace: A Phenomenological Study In South Sulawesi Companies. Economics and Business Journal (ECBIS), 4(2), 547–564. https://doi.org/10.47353/ecbis.v4i2.379

Djafarova, E., & Bowes, T. (2021). 'Instagram made me buy it': Generation Z impulse purchases in fashion industry. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 59, 102345. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2020.102345

Dong, X., Liu, H., Xi, N., & Yang, Z. (2024). Short video marketing: What, when and how short-branded videos facilitate consumer engagement. Internet Research, 34(3), 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1108/INTR-02-2022-0121

Fernandes, T., & Castro, A. (2020). Understanding drivers and outcomes of lurking vs. posting engagement behaviours in social media-based brand communities. Journal of Marketing Management, 36(7–8), 660–681. https://doi.org/10.1080/0267257X.2020.1724179

Flecha-Ortiz, J. A., de los M., López, E., & Lugo, V. F. (2023). Don't make ads, make TikTok's: Media and brand engagement through Gen Z's use of TikTok and its significance in purchase intent. Journal of Brand Management, 30, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41262-023-00330-z

Frenette, A., Millette, M., & Desbiens, C. (2024). Out with the hero: How TikTok everyday stories are re-writing the Arctic. Social Media + Society, 10(3), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1177/20563051241283426

Guerra-Tamez, C. R., Kraul Flores, K., Serna-Mendiburu, G. M., & Ibarra Cortés, J. (2024). Decoding Gen Z: AI's influence on brand trust and purchasing behavior. Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence, 7, 1323512. https://doi.org/10.3389/frai.2024.1323512

Haverila, M., Haverila, K., McLaughlin, C., & Arora, M. (2022). Engagement, participation, and relationship quality in the context of co-creation in brand communities. Journal of Marketing Analytics, 10, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41270-021-00136-5

Hoa, L. T. K. (2025). Content marketing and Gen Z's purchase intention for vegan cosmetics: Exploring the moderating effect of e-WOM in sustainable consumption. International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning, 20(11), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.18280/ijsdp.201137

Hollebeek, L. D., & Macky, K. (2019). Digital content marketing's role in fostering consumer engagement, trust, and value: Framework, fundamental propositions, and implications. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 45, 27–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intmar.2018.07.003

Jai, T. C., Tong, X., & Chen, H. S. (2022). Building brand loyalty on social media: Theories, measurements, antecedents, and consequences. Journal of Brand Management, 29, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41262-021-00252-8

Kabir, Z. S., & Kang, K. (2024). How user-platform interactions influence continuance intention in augmented reality mobile platforms. Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics International. https://doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1005640

Khalfallah, D., & Keller, V. (2025). Authenticity, ethics, and transparency in virtual influencer marketing: A cross-cultural analysis of consumer trust and engagement—A systematic literature review. Acta Psychologica, 254, 105573. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2025.105573

Koay, K. Y., & Satyadi, M. A. (2025). How fashion influencers drive consumers' online brand-related activities (COBRAs). Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFMM-04-2025-0173

Kolbl, Ž., & Šušulić, L. (2025). Are loyalty programmes still "a thing" in high-fashion retail? Understanding Generation Z's perspective. Economic and Business Review, 27(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.15458/2335-4216.1363

Lacap, J. P., Discartin, C. M., Salac, R. A. K., & Rosario, J. A. M. R. D. (2025). How TikTok videos from local fashion brands influence Generation Z's purchase intentions: The roles of attitude and trust. Young Consumers. https://doi.org/10.1108/YC-02-2025-2436

Leckie, C., Nyadzayo, M. W., & Johnson, L. W. (2016). Antecedents of consumer brand engagement and brand loyalty. Journal of Marketing Management, 32(5–6), 558–579. https://doi.org/10.1080/0267257X.2015.1131735

Leite, F. P., & Baptista, P. D. P. (2022). The effects of social media influencers' self-disclosure on behavioral intentions: The role of source credibility, parasocial relationships, and brand trust. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 30(3), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/10696679.2021.1935275

Li, J. (2026). What's the hype: Defining cool for Gen Z. In The Routledge Companion to Fashion and Business. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003505907-26

Lin, C. A., Wang, X., & Yang, Y. (2023). Sustainable apparel consumption: Personal norms, CSR expectations, and hedonic vs. utilitarian shopping value. Sustainability, 15(11), 9116. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15119116

Liu, X., Shin, H., & Burns, A. C. (2021). Examining the impact of luxury brand's social media marketing on customer engagement: Using big data analytics and natural language processing. Journal of Business Research, 125, 815–826. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.04.042

Lou, C., & Yuan, S. (2019). Influencer marketing: How message value and credibility affect consumer trust of branded content on social media. Journal of Interactive Advertising, 19(1), 58–73. https://doi.org/10.1080/15252019.2018.1533501

Mahajan, A. I., Taggar, R., & Gupta, S. (2025). Augmented reality in e-commerce: A dual value and barrier-based perspective on Gen Z's satisfaction and AR-integrated shopping behavior. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 87, 104417. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2025.104417

Marklen, D. R., Tan, P. L., & Hassim, N. (2025). Instagram influencers' source credibility on gadget product purchase intention among Indonesian Generation Z: The mediating role of parasocial interaction. Jurnal Komunikasi: Malaysian Journal of Communication, 41(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.17576/JKMJC-2025-4101-08

Martínez-Fresneda Osorio, H. (2025). Opportunities of TikTok as a communication medium among centennials. European Public and Social Innovation Review. https://doi.org/10.31637/epsir-2025-1963

Mishra, A., Rai, A. K., & Sharma, T. (2026). Sustainable personalized marketing and Gen Z consumer engagement in the FMCG sector: A comparative study of leading global and Indian brands. In Global Business Innovations: Inclusion and Expansion. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781042031313-5

Naeem, M., Ozuem, W., Ranfagni, S., & Howell, K. (2025). User generated content and brand engagement: Exploring the role of electronic semiotics and symbolic interactionism on Instagram. Computers in Human Behavior, 158, 108642. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2025.108642

Naveen Kumar, N. K., Arokiasamy, J. W., Chauhan, N., & Rajendran, P. (2026). Decoding Gen Z: Unveiling the 'why' behind customer engagement with Gen Z. International Journal of Process Management and Benchmarking. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJPMB.2026.155597

Ndhlovu, T., & Maree, T. (2024). The central role of consumer–brand engagement in product and service brand contexts. Journal of Marketing Analytics, 12, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41270-023-00241-7

Ngo, T. T. A., An, G. K., Dao, D. K., & Phong, B. H. (2025). Roles of logistics service quality in shaping Generation Z customers' repurchase intention and electronic word of mouth in e-commerce industry. PLoS ONE, 20(5), e0323962. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0323962

Ngo, T. T. A., Pham, T. C., Tran, V. S., & Nguyen, Q. M. C. (2025). Understanding sustainable urban transport adoption in emerging economy: A study of Gen Z's intention to use electric ride-hailing services in Vietnam. Acta Psychologica, 254, 105873. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2025.105873

Nikolinakou, A., Phua, J., & Kwon, E. S. (2021). "What drives loyal fans of brand pages to take action?" The effects of self-expansion and flow on loyal page fans' sharing and creation activities. Journal of Brand Management, 28, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41262-021-00241-x

Nyadzayo, M. W., Leckie, C., & Johnson, L. W. (2020). The impact of relational drivers on customer brand engagement and brand outcomes. Journal of Brand Management, 27, 561–578. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41262-020-00198-3

Pillay, S. (2021). The influence of electronic word-of-mouth adoption on brand love amongst Generation Z consumers. Acta Commercii, 21(1), a928. https://doi.org/10.4102/ac.v21i1.928

Prabadianti, I., Rufaidah, P., & Almashayekhi, A. (2025). Harnessing user voices: The role of user-generated content in shaping customer-based brand equity for gadget brands. Journal for International Business and Entrepreneurship Development. https://doi.org/10.1504/JIBED.2025.149783

Priporas, C.-V., Stylos, N., & Fotiadis, A. K. (2017). Generation Z consumers' expectations of interactions in smart retailing: A future agenda. Computers in Human Behavior, 77, 374–381. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2017.01.058

Pushpa, A., Keerti Mishra, A., Wahba, K., & Jaheer Mukthar, K. P. (2024). Ethical elegance: Investigating the influences on sustainable fashion purchase decision in alignment with SDG12. In Contributions to Management Science. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-67531-7_38

Riu, I. A., Radjab, I., Arif, H. M., Haeruddin, M. I. W., & Aswar, N. F. (2026). Consumer Trust In Influencer-Based Digital Marketing: A Qualitative Study Among Beauty Product Consumers In Makassar City. Economics and Business Journal (ECBIS), 4(2), 533–546. https://doi.org/10.47353/ecbis.v4i2.378

Saikia, W., & Bhattacharjee, A. (2024). Estimating consumer brand engagement with brand equity via brand trust for organic retail products on social media. International Journal of Internet Marketing and Advertising. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJIMA.2024.140460

Santos, Z. R., Simões-Coelho, P. S., & Rita, P. (2022). Fostering consumer–brand relationships through social media brand communities. Journal of Marketing Communications, 28(7), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1080/13527266.2021.1950199

Satrio, Y. A., & Prihandoko, D. (2025). The impact of social media marketing and influencer trust on brand loyalty among Gen Z consumers. In Proceedings of the 2025 4th International Conference on Creative Communication and Innovative Technology. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCIT65724.2025.11166718

Shahidzadeh, M. H., & Shokouhyar, S. (2025). Revolutionizing reverse supply chain decision-making: Deep social media analysis in qualitative comparative analysis. Computers and Industrial Engineering, 203, 111241. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cie.2025.111241

Song, X., Lu, Y., & Qiang, Q. (2024). The negative effect of virtual endorsers on brand authenticity and potential remedies. Journal of Business Research, 185, 114898. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2024.114898

Soni, A., & Bhukya, R. (2025). Do social media self-care influencers promote unsustainable consumption? A mixed methods study. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 86, 104430. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2025.104430

Subrahmanyam, S. (2025). Connecting with conscious consumers: Sustainable and inclusive practices for building authentic brands. In Sustainable and Inclusive Practices for Building Authentic Brands. https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3373-4596-3.ch006

Taylor, Z. A. (2023). Everyone stop what you're doing and BeReal: Live networked publics and authenticity on BeReal. Social Media + Society, 9(4), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1177/20563051231216959

Theocharis, D., & Tsekouropoulos, G. (2025). Sustainable consumption and branding for Gen Z: How brand dimensions influence consumer behavior and adoption of newly launched technological products. Sustainability, 17(9), 4124. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17094124

Thi Nguyet Trang, T., Pham, P., Thi Truong Nguyen, G., & Thi Minh Nguyen, H. (2025). Factors driving Gen Z's news engagement on TikTok: A hybrid analysis through CB-SEM and PLS-SEM. Computers in Human Behavior Reports, 18, 100645. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chbr.2025.100645

Thi Phuong, D. P., Hoang Cuu, L., Nguyen Viet Xuan, U., & Nguyen Phuc, K. (2025). Social media brand advocacy and repurchase among Gen Z in Vietnam's D2C market. Journal of Promotion Management. https://doi.org/10.1080/10496491.2025.2607698

Valerio Rossi, M., Fulco, I., Faggioni, F., & Aquilani, B. (2025). Lights and shadows of generative AI in the hospitality industry: An exploratory analysis of Generation Z. Micro and Macro Marketing. https://doi.org/10.1431/118667

Vo, T.-H., Tan, G., Pham, N. T., & Ooi, K.-B. (2025). Promoting customer engagement and brand loyalty on social media: The role of virtual influencers. International Journal of Consumer Studies, 49(2), e70028. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijcs.70028

Vrontis, D., Makrides, A., Christofi, M., & Thrassou, A. (2021). Social media influencer marketing: A systematic review, integrative framework and future research agenda. International Journal of Consumer Studies, 45(4), 617–644. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijcs.12647

Wajdi, M. F., Abas, N. I., Setyawan, A. A., & Puspawati, D. (2025). Virtual tourism for cultural heritage: Transforming Generation Z's engagement and visit intentions. Turyzm/Tourism, 35(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.18778/0867-5856.2025.20

Wang, Z., & Yang, X. (2025). Building brand loyalty through value co-creation practices in brand communities: The role of affective commitment and psychological brand ownership. Journal of Research in Interactive Marketing. https://doi.org/10.1108/JRIM-10-2023-0359

Wiedmann, K.-P., & von Mettenheim, W. (2020). Attractiveness, trustworthiness and expertise – social influencers' winning formula? Journal of Product and Brand Management, 30(5), 707–725. https://doi.org/10.1108/JPBM-06-2019-2442

Windarsari, W. R., & Arif, H. M. (2026). Diferensiasi Kualitas Keterlibatan dalam Social Commerce: Analisis Sistematis Trust-Based Engagement terhadap Perilaku Pembelian Berulang. Kompeten: Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Dan Bisnis, 4(6), 1692–1702. https://doi.org/10.57141/kompeten.v4i6.261

Wu, S., & Su, X. (2025). How does short-form video marketing influence consumers' purchase intention? Environment and Social Psychology, 10(11), 4196. https://doi.org/10.59429/esp.v10i11.4196

Xia, H., Yang, Y., & Wang, X. (2025). Too pretty to resist? Exploring the impact of virtual influencers' beauty level on consumer reactions. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 86, 104371. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2025.104371

Yağmur, Y. (2024). An exploratory research to reveal the habits, motivations, and tendencies of Generation Z to use social media platforms as a leisure activity. Advances in Hospitality and Tourism Research, 12(2), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.30519/ahtr.1452356

Yáñez-Valdés, C., & Arias-Ramírez, A. (2025). Digital trust and mediated persuasion: The influence of parasocial relationships and influencer credibility on social media. In Insights on Consumer Psychology in the Digital Landscape. https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3373-2424-1.ch011

Yang, S.-Y., & Chang, H.-C. (2023). A model of the effect of psychological ownership and technology acceptance on Generation Z's online shopping behavior. Journal of Technology Management & Innovation, 18(2), 1–14.

Yu, Y., Kwong, S. C., & Bannasilp, A. (2023). Virtual idol marketing: Benefits, risks, and an integrated framework of the emerging marketing field. Heliyon, 9(11), e22164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22164

Zhao, Y., & Chung, W. (2025). Digital emotional bonds: How virtual anchor characteristics drive user purchase intention in livestreaming e-commerce. SAGE Open, 15(2), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440251342981

Zhu, M., Chen, J., & Li, B. (2025). When generative artificial intelligence meets extended reality: Enabling scalable and natural interactions. IEEE Internet Computing, 29(4), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1109/MIC.2025.3619462

Published

2026-08-19

How to Cite

Adeleke, A. O., Windarsari, W. R., & Latif, A. H. (2026). Building Loyalty Amid Changing Trends: A Thematic Analysis of Digital Brand Engagement Strategies for Generation Z. International Journal of Humanity Advance, Business & Sciences (IJHABS), 4(1), 693–704. https://doi.org/10.59971/ijhabs.v4i1.1418

Issue

Section

Articles